Bac oral Places and forms of power Bonjour à tous ! Je passe mon oral de Bac dans quelques jours et j'aurais aimé corriger un maximum de fautes. Merci d'avance
Anglais
Yusuf80
Question
Bac oral Places and forms of power
Bonjour à tous !
Je passe mon oral de Bac dans quelques jours et j'aurais aimé corriger un maximum de fautes.
Merci d'avance
PLACES AND FORMS OF POWER
I'm going to present the notion "Places and forms of power". This notion deals with the ability to control others and to make things happen despite obstacles, resistance, or opposition. This of course leads to conflict between those who have and exercise power and those who have none or little of it. I have chosen to focus my presentation on the segregation in America. How the Whites power was exercised at the expense of Blacks ?
In the 19th century, two societies are cohabiting : on the one hand the Whites, and on the other hand the Blacks. Even if the American Constitution says that "All men are created equal" and that slavery was abolished in 1863, discrimination remained legal for a hundred years. The Jim Crows laws appear after the Civil War, distinguishing citizens according to their race while recognizing their equal rights. Thus, in 1896 the Supreme Court granted this new legislation by transforming into a doctrine of " separate but equal ". Different laws were established in the southern states. For instance, in Alabama, each transport station had to have waiting rooms and separate counters for the whites and for the blacks and, In Florida, mixed marriages were forbidden. There was a wall of hostility. At the beginning of the 20th century, a black of North Carolina wrote: "we are neighbours, and yet foreign. Even among the more enlightened whites and blacks, there is no communication anymore". As whites were majority, they believed that blacks were inferior in intelligence. Racist prejudices were confirmed and legitimized by science as the studies of Franz Joseph Gall, who thought discern the intellectual abilities of human beings depending on the shape of the skull. As a result, his study served as a scientific argument to establish a hierarchy of races and show "bestiality" of the black race. So, there was an oppression against Blacks. If they were forbidden in some places, such as the same schools, bars, publics toilets or buses than Whites, they were also victims of violence : beaten, humiliated, or even lynched.
However, a counter power developed to face this oppression. Movements against discrimination started in the mid 1950s. There were Pacifists, who organised sit-ins and marches, and violent movements such as The Black Panthers. All of them demanded full employment, better housing, better education, end to police brutality and killings, freedom, peace and justice. The Black Panthers Party was a revolutionary movement countering police attacks. Every day some armed Panthers, roamed the streets of Oakland in California and follow the police during their rounds. Every arrest is controlled, no gap in the law is tolerated. Exasperated, furious, the police can't do anything because the Panthers, who do not conceal their weapons, act legally. This action signed only the beginning of hostilities between the forces of the state and the Panthers, who wanted to end random arrests.
In 1968, the Panthers set up their most famous program "Free breakfast for children". Free breakfasts are served to children every morning in order that they can go to school, studying satiated, and especially enjoy full meal once a day. The initiative is reflected in the rest of the United States. A year later, in more than fifty American cities, tens of thousands of children are fed each day. The Panthers also invest in health programs: free ambulance service or disease screening.
Finally, in 1963, a march bring 250 000 people to Washington to listen MLK delivering the speech "I have a dream". This speech on the unification of Blacks and Whites in America leads to the civil Rights Act, which made racial discrimination in public places illegal.
To conclude, I'd say that, even if it remains racism in our society, people from different cultures can nowadays live together in harmony thanks to a long and painful fight for equality.
Bonjour à tous !
Je passe mon oral de Bac dans quelques jours et j'aurais aimé corriger un maximum de fautes.
Merci d'avance
PLACES AND FORMS OF POWER
I'm going to present the notion "Places and forms of power". This notion deals with the ability to control others and to make things happen despite obstacles, resistance, or opposition. This of course leads to conflict between those who have and exercise power and those who have none or little of it. I have chosen to focus my presentation on the segregation in America. How the Whites power was exercised at the expense of Blacks ?
In the 19th century, two societies are cohabiting : on the one hand the Whites, and on the other hand the Blacks. Even if the American Constitution says that "All men are created equal" and that slavery was abolished in 1863, discrimination remained legal for a hundred years. The Jim Crows laws appear after the Civil War, distinguishing citizens according to their race while recognizing their equal rights. Thus, in 1896 the Supreme Court granted this new legislation by transforming into a doctrine of " separate but equal ". Different laws were established in the southern states. For instance, in Alabama, each transport station had to have waiting rooms and separate counters for the whites and for the blacks and, In Florida, mixed marriages were forbidden. There was a wall of hostility. At the beginning of the 20th century, a black of North Carolina wrote: "we are neighbours, and yet foreign. Even among the more enlightened whites and blacks, there is no communication anymore". As whites were majority, they believed that blacks were inferior in intelligence. Racist prejudices were confirmed and legitimized by science as the studies of Franz Joseph Gall, who thought discern the intellectual abilities of human beings depending on the shape of the skull. As a result, his study served as a scientific argument to establish a hierarchy of races and show "bestiality" of the black race. So, there was an oppression against Blacks. If they were forbidden in some places, such as the same schools, bars, publics toilets or buses than Whites, they were also victims of violence : beaten, humiliated, or even lynched.
However, a counter power developed to face this oppression. Movements against discrimination started in the mid 1950s. There were Pacifists, who organised sit-ins and marches, and violent movements such as The Black Panthers. All of them demanded full employment, better housing, better education, end to police brutality and killings, freedom, peace and justice. The Black Panthers Party was a revolutionary movement countering police attacks. Every day some armed Panthers, roamed the streets of Oakland in California and follow the police during their rounds. Every arrest is controlled, no gap in the law is tolerated. Exasperated, furious, the police can't do anything because the Panthers, who do not conceal their weapons, act legally. This action signed only the beginning of hostilities between the forces of the state and the Panthers, who wanted to end random arrests.
In 1968, the Panthers set up their most famous program "Free breakfast for children". Free breakfasts are served to children every morning in order that they can go to school, studying satiated, and especially enjoy full meal once a day. The initiative is reflected in the rest of the United States. A year later, in more than fifty American cities, tens of thousands of children are fed each day. The Panthers also invest in health programs: free ambulance service or disease screening.
Finally, in 1963, a march bring 250 000 people to Washington to listen MLK delivering the speech "I have a dream". This speech on the unification of Blacks and Whites in America leads to the civil Rights Act, which made racial discrimination in public places illegal.
To conclude, I'd say that, even if it remains racism in our society, people from different cultures can nowadays live together in harmony thanks to a long and painful fight for equality.
1 Réponse
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1. Réponse santos2
I'm going to present the notion "Places and forms of power". This notion deals with the ability to control others and to make things happen despite obstacles, resistance, or opposition. This of course leads to conflict between those who have and exercise power and those who have none or little of it. I have chosen to focus my presentation on the segregation in America. How the Whites power was exercised at the expense of Blacks?
In the 19th century, two societies are cohabiting America : on the one hand the Whites, and on the other hand the Blacks. Even if the American Constitution says that "All men are created equal" and that slavery was abolished in 1863, discrimination remained legal for a hundred years. The Jim Crows laws appear after the Civil War, distinguishing citizens according to their race while recognizing their equal rights. Thus, in 1896 the Supreme Court granted this new legislation by transforming it into a doctrine of " separate but equal ". Different laws were established in the southern states. For instance, in Alabama, each transport station had to have waiting rooms and separate counters for the whites and for the blacks and, In Florida, mixed marriages were forbidden. There was a wall of hostility. At the beginning of the 20th century, a Black from North Carolina wrote: "we are neighbors, and yet foreigners. Even among the more enlightened Whites and Blacks, there is no communication anymore". As whites were majority, they believed that blacks were inferior in intelligence. Racist prejudices were confirmed and legitimized by science such as the studies of Franz Joseph Gall, who thought we could discern the intellectual abilities of human beings depending on the shape of the skull. As a result, his study served as a scientific argument to establish a hierarchy of races and show "bestiality" of the Black race. So, there was an oppression against Blacks. They were forbidden in some places, such as schools, bars, public toilets or buses, and they were also victims of violence : being beaten, humiliated, or even lynched.
However, a counter power developed to face this oppression. Movements against discrimination started in the mid 1950s. There were Pacifists, who organised sit-ins and marches, and violent movements such as The Black Panthers. All of them demanded full employment, better housing, better education, end to police brutality and killings, freedom, peace and justice. The Black Panthers Party was a revolutionary movement countering police attacks. Every day some armed Panthers, roamed the streets of Oakland in California and followed the police during their rounds. Every arrest is controlled, no gap in the law is tolerated. Exasperated, furious, the police can't do anything because the Panthers, who do not conceal their weapons, act legally (I hope the tense used is intentional). This action signed only the beginning of hostilities between the forces of the state and the Panthers, who wanted to end random arrests.
In 1968, the Panthers set up their most famous program "Free breakfast for children". Free breakfasts are served to children every morning in order that they can go to school, study while satiated, and especially to enjoy a full meal once a day. The initiative is reflected in the rest of the United States. A year later, in more than fifty American cities, tens of thousands of children are fed each day. The Panthers also invest in health programs: free ambulance service or disease screening.
Finally, in 1963, a march brings 250 000 people to Washington to listen MLK (before referring to him with abbreviations you would at least state the full names first.) delivering the speech "I have a dream". This speech on the unification of Blacks and Whites in America, leads to the civil Rights Act, which made racial discrimination in public places illegal.
To conclude, I'd say that, even if elements of racism still remain in our society, people from different cultures can nowadays live together in harmony thanks to a long and painful fight for equality.
Note: good writing skills. All the best.